The goal is robust, fail-safe communication in which data packets are relayed through multiple nodes. MeshCore repeaters play a key role in this process, as they significantly increase range, network coverage, and redundancy.
Unlike mobile end nodes, which often transmit only sporadically, repeaters are designed for continuous wireless operation. Nevertheless, MeshCore repeaters are also very often operated with a strong focus on energy optimization. Solar repeaters, in particular, combine energy-efficient wireless hardware (e.g., nRF microcontrollers) and intelligent duty-cycle strategies to enable continuous operation with a limited power supply. Careful site selection is therefore crucial not only from a radio technical perspective but also from an energy efficiency standpoint.
Regarding radio quality: height and an unobstructed environment are more important than proximity to other nodes. An elevated location reduces shadowing caused by terrain, vegetation, or buildings and significantly improves range. Ideal locations include rooftops, masts, towers, exposed windows, or natural elevations. A line of sight to as many network participants as possible increases the likelihood of stable routes and reduces the energy consumption per transmitted packet.
At the same time, local sources of interference must be taken into account. Solid materials such as reinforced concrete or metal significantly weaken the signal and should be avoided. For solar repeaters, the location must also provide sufficient sunlight, especially during the winter months. Shading caused by buildings, trees, or antenna masts can critically impair the power supply and thus jeopardize network stability.
Antenna technology also depends on the location. Antenna type, polarization, and mounting height often have a greater impact on network quality than higher transmit power, which in turn increases energy consumption. A well-tuned antenna therefore enables both better range and more efficient operation.
In summary: The correct location for a MeshCore repeater is a combination of radio geometry, environmental factors, and energy availability. Especially for solar-powered repeaters, a well-thought-out placement determines the range, uptime, and reliability of the entire mesh network.
There are several tools available to help you choose the right location:
HeyWhatsThat
With HeyWhatsThat (https://www.heywhatsthat.com), you can analyze terrain profiles in advance and avoid tall obstacles.
Example: Brocken Tower (https://www.heywhatsthat.com/?view=AVE52FN4)
QTH Locator MAP
With the QTH Locator Map (https://www.hb9eyz.ch/g_locator.php), you can create elevation profiles of the terrain. Just click to place two markers on the map, and the calculations are done instantly.
Topographic Map
Topographic Map (https://de-de.topographic-map.com) provides topographic maps of entire countries, as well as regions and cities.
Example: Hochhalde Trages near Leipzig (https://de-de.topographic-map.com/map-95z57/Deutschland/...)
FindMesh
With FindMesh (https://findmesh.net), you can quickly check the theoretical network coverage of a repeater.